The benefits and challenges of transitioning away from diesel fuel
Long-haul trucking is the lifeblood of Canada’s supply chain, transporting goods across vast distances. However, it comes at a cost: diesel-powered trucks are among the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. According to Cedric Smith, director of transportation at Pollution Probe, this pollution poses serious health risks, particularly to communities near major highways. "Diesel exhaust contributes not just to environmental challenges but also to a wide range of health issues," he says.
Pollution Probe’s recent report examines the transition to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), focusing on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). The report highlights both the potential health and safety benefits of this transition and the significant challenges to overcome.
Health benefits: Breathing easier
Smith emphasizes that reducing diesel reliance would greatly improve air quality and public health. "Communities living near highways experience heightened exposure to pollutants like nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, which are linked to respiratory and cardiovascular problems," he explains. Transitioning to ZEVs could significantly reduce these harmful emissions, benefiting vulnerable populations.
While the report does not specifically focus on driver health, Smith notes insights from a related study on electric school buses. "We found that drivers of electric buses reported reduced fumes, less vibration, and smoother acceleration," he shares, adding that similar benefits are likely to apply to long-haul trucking. These changes could lead to improved driver comfort and reduced fatigue over long hours on the road.
Safety challenges: The roadblocks ahead
Transitioning to ZEVs isn’t without its difficulties. Smith points to significant technological and operational barriers. "One of the biggest challenges is fueling infrastructure," he says. Diesel is widely available, but charging stations for BEVs and hydrogen refueling sites for FCEVs are sparse. "You don’t want a driver sitting on the side of the road for hours waiting to recharge—this has both cost and safety implications."
Another concern is payload capacity. Both BEVs and FCEVs are heavier than diesel trucks, limiting the amount of freight they can carry. Smith explains, "if you want to extend the range of a battery electric truck, you need a bigger battery, which adds weight and reduces payload. It’s a catch-22." This could impact trucking efficiency and increase the number of trips required to transport goods, potentially adding to road congestion and accident risks.
Moreover, emergency response protocols will need updates. As Smith points out, "accidents involving high-voltage systems or hydrogen leaks will require specialized training for first responders." Ensuring safety in these scenarios is a critical next step in the transition.
High costs, uncertain returns
The upfront cost of ZEVs remains a major barrier. "Battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell trucks are significantly more expensive than their diesel counterparts," Smith notes. Although operational costs may decrease over time, the initial investment deters many fleet operators.
Financial incentives, such as Canada’s iMHZEV program, are helping to bridge the gap, but Smith believes more support is needed. "We need policies that encourage infrastructure development and reduce costs for early adopters," he says.
A cleaner future
Despite these challenges, Smith is optimistic. "The long-haul sector is one of the toughest to decarbonize, but the progress we’re seeing is encouraging," he says. Continued research and investment in ZEV technology are key to addressing range, payload, and safety concerns. Smith also stresses the importance of aligning charging times with truckers’ rest schedules to ensure minimal disruptions.
"Ultimately, this transition is about more than just cutting emissions," Smith concludes. "It’s about creating a healthier environment for everyone—drivers, communities, and future generations."
As Canada navigates the road to zero-emissions trucking, Pollution Probe’s report shines a light on the opportunities and obstacles ahead. One thing is clear: with careful planning and investment, the industry can move towards a cleaner, safer future.
